Guides

Plain-English guides for beginners — about reading stocks honestly, not predicting them. Educational, not investment advice.

How do you know if a stock is a buy, hold, or sell? (the honest way)

How to read a stock through two honest lenses — price trend and SEC-filing fundamentals — instead of pretending to predict. Educational, not investment advice.

How to see your portfolio's real returns (unrealized P&L)

Why your brokerage app's number can mislead, and how to read your true return as unrealized P&L versus average cost. Educational.

How to see what Buffett holds (what is a 13F filing?)

What a 13F filing is, and how to see what large investors like Buffett and ARK actually hold — from public data, with its limits stated honestly.

Why is my portfolio down when the market is up?

The index is green but your account is red — here's the honest explanation: index concentration, sector tilt, and weighting effects. Educational, not investment advice.

How to read a stock chart (beginner's guide)

How to read a stock chart from scratch — axes, timeframes, volume, and trend — plus what a chart can and can't tell you. Educational, not investment advice.

What is the P/E ratio — and what people get wrong about it

How the P/E ratio is calculated, what high and low actually mean, and why P/E alone misleads — explained from SEC-filing data. Educational, not investment advice.

How do you know if your portfolio is too concentrated?

How to measure concentration risk — top-position weight, sector tilt, and hidden correlation — and what diversification actually means. Educational, not investment advice.